Noise-induced Hearing Loss: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a significant public health issue. According to research, approximately 40 million people in the U.S. have permanent hearing loss from exposure to loud noise¹. People of all ages and backgrounds can develop NIHL. From occupational hazards to recreational activities, we are all exposed to potentially harmful noise levels on a daily basis. 

In this article, we provide a detailed overview of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), focusing on symptoms, causes, treatment options, and prevention tips.

What Is Noise-induced Hearing Loss? (NIHL)

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a type of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) that occurs when loud sounds damage the inner ear. Our inner ears contain fragile sensory hair cells that are crucial for auditory processing. When sound waves enter the ear, these tiny hair cells vibrate and create electrical signals that the brain translates into sound.  

However, when exposed to loud noises, it puts excessive stress on these cells and causes damage. Unfortunately, these cells do not regenerate, resulting in permanent hearing loss. NIHL can affect one or both ears, and it can occur immediately or develop gradually over time, depending on the duration and intensity of sound exposure.

Symptoms of Noise-induced Hearing Loss 

Today, NIHL is increasingly common, but frequently goes unrecognized due to its gradual nature. In fact, a study analyzed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), found that 1 in 4 of the adults who reported no hearing problems actually had measurable hearing loss².  While NIHL can be difficult to notice at first, without proper preventative measures, the symptoms will progressively become worse over time.  

Common symptoms of noise-induced hearing loss include: 

• Difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments
• Ringing, buzzing, or roaring sounds in the ears (tinnitus)
• Frequently asking others to repeat themselves
• Muffled or distorted hearing
• A sensation of fullness in the ears
• Difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds 

Symptoms can vary in severity depending on the extent of exposure and individual susceptibility. Regular hearing exams are important for monitoring changes in your hearing and catching NIHL loss early on.

What Volume Causes Noise-Induced Hearing Loss?

NIHL occurs when loud sounds damage the delicate hair cells located in the inner ear. This can be caused by a single loud sound or prolonged or repeated exposure to loud noises. 

All sounds 70 decibels (dB) and louder have the potential to cause hearing damage over time. The louder the sound, the less time it takes for damage to occur. Any sound at or above 120 dB can cause instant and permanent hearing damage.  

Below, we list common noises, their average decidable levels, and how long it takes for them to damage your hearing:

Average Decibels (dB)	Noise Example	Duration of Exposure
69 dB or quieter	Normal speaking voice	No effect at any length of time
70 dB	Washing machine, dishwasher, etc.	8 hours
80 dB	Lawn mower, leaf blower, etc.	2 hours
90 dB	Motorcycles, chainsaws, etc.	1 hour
100 dB  105 dB  110+ dB	Live music events, sporting events, etc.	15 – 20 minutes  5 minutes  2 minutes
120+ dB	Gunshots, fireworks, etc.	Immediate damage

Risk Factors of Noise-induced Hearing Loss

Everyone at any age is susceptible to NIHL. Some of the most common causes of NIHL are noises you are likely exposed to every day. Without proper preventative measures, the risk of permanent hearing damage increases the longer you are exposed to loud noise. The biggest risk factors of noise-induced hearing loss include: 

Recreational Noise 

Many popular recreational activities also have the potential to cause hearing damage, including: 

• Concerts and music festivals
• Headphones at high volume
• Busy restaurants, bars, cafes, etc.
• Motorsports (motorcycles, snowmobiles, etc.)
• Sporting events (especially in stadiums and arenas)
• Hunting and shooting
• Boating
• Fireworks displays
• Airshows and aviation events
• And more 

Enjoying life to the fullest shouldn’t come at the expense of your hearing. With proper hearing protection, you can enjoy all your favorite pastimes while also greatly reducing the risk of NIHL. 

Acoustic Trauma  

A singular sound that is extremely loud can also cause instant hearing damage. This is known as acute acoustic trauma (AAT). Any sound at or above 120 dB can cause immediate, and irreversible damage to your hearing. 

Some common causes of acoustic trauma include: 

• Explosions
• Gunshots
• Jet engines
• Fireworks 

Is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Permanent?  

Noise-induced hearing loss is permanent. Damage to the tiny hair cells in the inner ear cannot be reversed, but there are treatment options that can help improve your hearing. 

NIHL Treatment 

Managing NIHL often involves a combination of prevention and treatment. While there’s no cure, hearing aids can significantly improve hearing for those with NIHL. Additionally, protective measures like earplugs and limiting exposure to loud noises are essential for preventing further damage. 

Schedule a Hearing Exam at an Audibel Clinic Near You 

NIHL cannot be reversed, but it is preventable with the right strategies. At Audibel, our hearing healthcare specialists are dedicated to providing the personalized care you deserve.  

Don’t wait–take control of your hearing health today by scheduling an exam at an Audibel clinic near you.